NAME¶

BEGIN - start a transaction block

SYNOPSIS¶

BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:


    ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }


    READ WRITE | READ ONLY

DESCRIPTION¶

BEGIN initiates a transaction block, that is, all statements after a BEGIN command will be executed in a single transaction until an explicit COMMIT [commit(7)] or ROLLBACK [rollback(7)] is given. By default (without BEGIN), PostgreSQL executes transactions in ``autocommit'' mode, that is, each statement is executed in its own transaction and a commit is implicitly performed at the end of the statement (if execution was successful, otherwise a rollback is done).

Statements are executed more quickly in a transaction block, because transaction start/commit requires significant CPU and disk activity. Execution of multiple statements inside a transaction is also useful to ensure consistency when making several related changes: other sessions will be unable to see the intermediate states wherein not all the related updates have been done.

If the isolation level or read/write mode is specified, the new transaction has those characteristics, as if SET TRANSACTION [set_transaction(7)] was executed.

PARAMETERS¶

WORK

TRANSACTION

Optional key words. They have no effect.

Refer to SET TRANSACTION [set_transaction(7)] for information on the meaning of the other parameters to this statement.

NOTES¶

START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)] has the same functionality as BEGIN.

Use COMMIT [commit(7)] or ROLLBACK [rollback(7)] to terminate a transaction block.

Issuing BEGIN when already inside a transaction block will provoke a warning message. The state of the transaction is not affected. To nest transactions within a transaction block, use savepoints (see SAVEPOINT [savepoint(7)]).

For reasons of backwards compatibility, the commas between successive transaction_modes can be omitted.

EXAMPLES¶

To begin a transaction block:

BEGIN;

COMPATIBILITY¶

BEGIN is a PostgreSQL language extension. It is equivalent to the SQL-standard command START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)], whose reference page contains additional compatibility information.

Incidentally, the BEGIN key word is used for a different purpose in embedded SQL. You are advised to be careful about the transaction semantics when porting database applications.

SEE ALSO¶

COMMIT [commit(7)], ROLLBACK [rollback(7)], START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)], SAVEPOINT [savepoint(7)]